Utilization of Water Hyacinth Fibers as a Substitute for Fine Aggregate and Concrete Waste as a Substitute for Coarse Aggregate to Improve the Quality of Concrete

Abstract

This research addresses two major environmental challenges: the proliferation of invasive water hyacinth and the accumulation of concrete waste from demolition. This study investigates the utilization of water hyacinth fibers (WHF) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a substitute for coarse aggregate. The objective is to evaluate how this combined waste utilization affects the mechanical properties and improves specific qualities of the resulting concrete. An experimental laboratory method was employed, involving the design of multiple mix proportions with varying percentages of both WHF and RCA. The performance of the specimens was systematically evaluated through standardized tests, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results reveal a clear trade-off: the inclusion of WHF and RCA tends to reduce the concrete's compressive strength and density. However, the fibrous nature of the water hyacinth significantly improves the concrete's flexural strength and post-crack resistance. This study identifies an optimal mix proportion that balances structural integrity with maximum waste utilization, concluding that this composite material is a viable, sustainable alternative for specific applications where tensile performance is prioritized over high compressive strength.