The Effect of Water is Acidic and Basic in a Concrete Mixture

Abstract

The quality of mixing water is a critical parameter that directly influences the hydration of cement and the resulting mechanical properties and durability of concrete. While standards typically specify the use of potable, neutral-pH water, this is not always available. This research investigates the effect of using acidic and basic (alkaline) water in a concrete mixture. An experimental laboratory methodology was employed. Concrete batches were prepared using a control mix with neutral pH water (pH ~7.0), alongside identical mixes prepared with acidic water (e.g., pH 4.0) and basic water (e.g., pH 10.0). The primary performance indicators evaluated were setting time (initial and final) and compressive strength (tested at 7, 14, and 28 days). The results indicate a significant deviation from the control group. The acidic water mix demonstrated a notable retardation in setting time and a substantial reduction in 28-day compressive strength. Conversely, the basic water mix showed an acceleration of the setting time but a less significant impact on the final compressive strength. This study concludes that the pH of the mixing water is a crucial factor, with acidic water being particularly detrimental to both the hydration process and the ultimate strength of the concrete.