Selection of Foundation Type in Based on Location and Total Cost of Foundation Structure for Building 4 Floors

Abstract

The selection of an appropriate foundation type is a critical early-stage decision in building design, balancing structural safety with economic efficiency. This research presents a comparative selection study for a 4-story building, focusing on the influence of location-specific geotechnical conditions and total cost. The study analyzes soil investigation data (e.g., N-SPT values and boring logs) from the project site to determine the soil bearing capacity and subsurface profile. Based on this geotechnical data, two technically viable foundation alternatives are designed and analyzed: a shallow foundation system (e.g., spread footings or raft foundation) and a deep foundation system (e.g., bored piles or driven piles). A detailed cost analysis, based on a comprehensive Bill of Quantities (BoQ) for each alternative, is conducted to compare the total cost of the foundation structure. The results demonstrate the critical trade-off between the lower material cost of shallow foundations and the necessity of deep foundations in poor soil conditions. This study concludes by recommending the most optimal and cost-effective foundation type that satisfies all geotechnical and structural requirements for the specific 4-story building at that location.