SciTech Framework is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by LP2ITE and managed through the ICSIT Publishing Platform. Established in 2019, the journal focuses on interdisciplinary research in science, technology, and digital transformation. It publishes original articles, reviews, and case studies twice a year (March and August), and adheres to the COPE guidelines for publication ethics.
The Development and Internal Precision Test of a Portable Soil Sensor Based on Microcontroller for Land Condition Management
Efficiency in agricultural land management necessitates portable technology solutions capable of providing real-time soil condition data. In the initial development stages of sensor- and microcontroller-based systems, proving the system's stability and internal precision was a crucial prerequisite before external accuracy validation could be performed. This study aims to design a portable soil sensor prototype based on ESP32 and verify its internal precision (consistency) and functionality. The system's stability was tested as evidence of the tool's readiness to support land nutrient management decision-making. The prototype integrates sensors to measure pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), moisture content, and provide NPK nutrient estimation. A repeatability test (30 consecutive measurements) was conducted on a single stable soil sample in a controlled laboratory environment. The consistency of the readings was analyzed using the Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). The stability test showed that the prototype possesses high internal precision. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) for all parameters (pH, EC, Moisture, NPK Estimation) was found to be below 5% the average CV approx 2.5%, indicating excellent reading consistency. The functionality test confirmed that all hardware and software components were integrated and produced a logical response. This Microcontroller-Based Portable Soil Sensor Prototype proved to be stable and possess adequate internal precision for real-time applications. These results confirm the success of the system's engineering in the initial development stage and provide a strong foundation for proceeding to the external accuracy validation phase and practical implementation in land condition and nutrient management.
Study of Raw Water Management Central Margahayu Village
Access to a sustainable and safe raw water supply is a fundamental requirement for community health and well-being. Central Margahayu Village currently faces significant challenges related to the management of its raw water resources, including issues of both water quality and supply continuity. This research provides a comprehensive study of the existing raw water management system in the village. The methodology employs a mixed-methods approach: (1) field surveys to identify and map existing raw water sources (e.g., springs, rivers, or wells) and the current distribution infrastructure; (2) water quality analysis of these sources to test key parameters (e.g., TSS, BOD, pH, and bacteriological content); and (3) a water demand analysis to compare the available supply with the community's present and future needs. The results indicate that the primary raw water source is highly vulnerable to surface contamination and that the existing infrastructure is inefficient, leading to significant water loss and inequitable distribution. This study concludes by proposing an improved management model, recommending specific interventions such as raw water source protection, infrastructure upgrades, and the establishment of a formal community-based water management institution.
Perfomance of Interlocking Concrete Block as Coastal Protection
Coastal erosion, driven by wave action and rising sea levels, poses a significant threat to shorelines and infrastructure. This research evaluates the performance of Interlocking Concrete Blocks (ICBs) as a flexible and robust coastal protection structure. Unlike rigid structures like seawalls, interlocking systems are designed to be permeable and articulate, allowing them to absorb and dissipate wave energy more effectively. This study employs physical hydraulic modeling in a wave flume to analyze the stability and energy dissipation characteristics of a specific ICB armor unit under various wave conditions. Key performance parameters measured include the stability coefficient (KD), wave run-up, wave overtopping, and structural integrity under breaking wave impact. The results demonstrate that the interlocking mechanism provides exceptional hydraulic stability, preventing the displacement of individual units even under high-energy wave attack. The high porosity and complex surface of the ICB layer are also shown to be highly effective in dissipating wave energy, thereby reducing wave reflection and scour. This study concludes that interlocking concrete blocks are a high-performance and resilient alternative for coastal defense, offering significant advantages in stability and energy absorption compared to traditional riprap.
Analysis of Steel Frame Bridge Construction
The construction of steel frame bridges—such as truss and girder systems—is a complex engineering undertaking that demands precise planning and execution to ensure safety and efficiency. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the construction process for a representative steel frame bridge. The objective is to evaluate the selected construction methodology, its impact on the project schedule, and the critical aspect of structural stability during the erection phases. This study employs a case study methodology, deconstructing the project into key sequential stages: substructure interfacing, member fabrication, modular pre-assembly, and the final erection sequence (e.g., segmental lifting by crane or incremental launching). A core component of this analysis involves phased structural modeling to simulate stresses, deflections, and connection integrity at each temporary stage. This ensures the frame's stability against construction loads (such as equipment, wind, and self-weight) before the structure becomes self-supporting. The analysis identifies critical path activities, logistical challenges, and the significant impact of connection detailing on assembly speed. This study concludes that a successful steel frame bridge project is contingent not only on the final permanent design but on a robust, pre-emptive analysis of the construction sequence and all associated temporary works.
Effect of Centrifugal Force on the Structure of the Overarching Bridge ( Box – Girder )
Horizontally curved bridges, often utilizing box-girder superstructures, are essential components in modern highway interchanges. However, their curved alignment introduces significant centrifugal forces generated by moving vehicles. This research provides a structural analysis of the effect of this centrifugal force on the behavior of a curved overarching bridge. The study employs the Finite Element Method (FEM) to create a 3D model of the continuous box-girder structure. The model is subjected to standard design loads (dead load, live load) in combination with the centrifugal load, which is applied as a transverse horizontal force. The analysis focuses on quantifying the unique stresses induced by this lateral force. The results demonstrate that the centrifugal force is a dominant load case, inducing significant torsional moments (twisting) along the box-girder's longitudinal axis and substantial lateral shear forces at the piers and abutments. These forces also cause a differential vertical reaction at the bearings, impacting the overturning stability. This study concludes that neglecting the centrifugal force in the design of curved box-girder bridges leads to a critical underestimation of torsional stresses and lateral displacements, compromising the structure's safety and serviceability.
Analysis of Bored Pile Foundation Support Planning in the Cisemangka Toll Cisumdawu Phase Iii Development Project
The Cisumdawu Toll Road Phase III development is a key infrastructure project, with the Cisemangka section requiring a robust foundation system due to significant structural loads. This research presents a detailed analysis of the bored pile foundation support planning for this project. The primary objective is to verify the geotechnical bearing capacity and settlement of the planned foundation to ensure structural safety and stability. The methodology involves analyzing geotechnical investigation data (such as Standard Penetration Test / N-SPT values and soil laboratory tests) to determine the engineering properties of the soil. These parameters are then used to calculate the axial bearing capacity (including end bearing and skin friction) and the lateral load capacity of the individual bored piles using established geotechnical formulas. Furthermore, pile group capacity and potential settlement are evaluated. The calculated capacities are then compared against the design loads from the superstructure. The results of the analysis confirm that the planned bored pile dimensions (diameter and depth) provide an adequate Factor of Safety (FOS) against bearing failure and that the predicted settlement is within the allowable structural tolerances. This study concludes that the bored pile foundation plan is safe and technically sound for the Cisemangka Toll project.
Use Of Materials Technology In Level Building
The evolution of multi-story (level) building design is intrinsically linked to advancements in materials technology. This research investigates the application and impact of innovative materials on the structural performance, construction efficiency, and sustainability of modern vertical structures. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of key material categories, including High-Strength and Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC), advanced steel alloys, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites, and emerging sustainable materials like Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT). The analysis focuses on how these advanced materials facilitate greater design flexibility, such as longer spans and reduced structural member sizes, while offering superior strength-to-weight ratios. Furthermore, the role of functional materials in improving energy efficiency, fire resistance, and long-term durability is examined. This paper concludes that the strategic selection and implementation of advanced materials technology are fundamental drivers for creating safer, more resilient, and environmentally responsible multi-level buildings.
Coconut Shell Utilization as a Partial Substitute for Coarse Aggregate and Paddy Husk Ash as Well as Waste Red Brick as a Substitute for Partial Cement to Increase the Quality of Concrete
This research investigates the synergistic utilization of three distinct waste streams—coconut shell (CS), paddy husk ash (PHA), and waste red brick (WRB)—to enhance the sustainability and modify the quality of concrete. The study aims to produce a concrete mix where CS serves as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate to reduce density, while PHA and WRB are combined as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to partially substitute cement. An experimental laboratory method was employed, formulating a control mix and several variations with different replacement percentages of these materials. Key properties, including workability, density, compressive strength, and flexural strength, were systematically tested. The results indicate that the inclusion of coconut shell aggregate successfully reduces the unit weight, producing a lightweight concrete. While this substitution tends to decrease compressive strength, the pozzolanic activity from the combined use of paddy husk ash and waste red brick powder contributes to strength development and refines the pore structure. This study identifies an optimal mix proportion that balances reduced density with acceptable mechanical performance, demonstrating the feasibility of using this triple-blend waste composite for sustainable construction, particularly in non-structural or semi-structural applications.
Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM)
Planning The Flood Embankment Of Cimande River, Bandung Regency
The Cimande River in Bandung Regency is prone to frequent overtopping, causing significant flood damage to adjacent residential and agricultural areas. This research details the planning and design of a flood embankment (levee) as a primary structural solution to mitigate this recurring flood risk. The planning process begins with a comprehensive hydrological analysis to determine the design flood discharge (e.g., Q50 or Q100) based on historical rainfall data and a selected frequency analysis method. Subsequently, a hydraulic analysis is conducted, utilizing HEC-RAS modeling, to simulate the water surface profile (WSP) along the river reach during the design flood event. This simulation is critical for determining the required minimum crest elevation of the embankment, which includes a necessary freeboard for safety. The core of the study involves the structural design of the embankment, including its cross-sectional geometry (crest width, side slopes) and a geotechnical stability analysis. This analysis, using methods such as Fellenius or Bishop, ensures the embankment's slope stability against failure under various conditions (e.g., steady-state seepage, rapid drawdown). The result is a complete technical design for a flood embankment that is both hydraulically effective and geotechnically stable.
Foundation Settlement Due to Soil Bearing Capacity Limitations
The serviceability and long-term stability of any structure are fundamentally dependent on the performance of its foundation and the underlying soil. This research provides a geotechnical analysis of foundation settlement as a direct consequence of soil bearing capacity limitations. The study differentiates between two primary failure criteria: shear failure (the ultimate bearing capacity, or qult and excessive settlement (the allowable bearing capacity, or qult. While shear failure represents a catastrophic collapse, settlement is a serviceability issue that can cause significant structural damage, such as cracking and tilting. This paper analyzes the mechanisms by which settlement occurs when applied foundation loads are within the safety factor for shear failure but exceed the pressure that the soil can sustain without undue deformation. The analysis focuses on cohesive soils, where long-term consolidation settlement is often the governing design factor, and on granular soils, where immediate elastic settlement must be controlled. Using standard geotechnical methods, this study demonstrates that the allowable bearing capacity is frequently dictated by settlement criteria rather than shear criteria, confirming that a settlement analysis is an indispensable component of safe foundation design.
Selection of Foundation Type in Based on Location and Total Cost of Foundation Structure for Building 4 Floors
The selection of an appropriate foundation type is a critical early-stage decision in building design, balancing structural safety with economic efficiency. This research presents a comparative selection study for a 4-story building, focusing on the influence of location-specific geotechnical conditions and total cost. The study analyzes soil investigation data (e.g., N-SPT values and boring logs) from the project site to determine the soil bearing capacity and subsurface profile. Based on this geotechnical data, two technically viable foundation alternatives are designed and analyzed: a shallow foundation system (e.g., spread footings or raft foundation) and a deep foundation system (e.g., bored piles or driven piles). A detailed cost analysis, based on a comprehensive Bill of Quantities (BoQ) for each alternative, is conducted to compare the total cost of the foundation structure. The results demonstrate the critical trade-off between the lower material cost of shallow foundations and the necessity of deep foundations in poor soil conditions. This study concludes by recommending the most optimal and cost-effective foundation type that satisfies all geotechnical and structural requirements for the specific 4-story building at that location.
Utilization of Filter Cigarette Butts Waste as a Porous Lightweight Concrete Mixture Material
The global accumulation of non-biodegradable filter cigarette butt (CB) waste constitutes a significant environmental pollutant. This research explores the innovative utilization of this hazardous waste as a mixture material for the production of porous lightweight concrete. The objective is to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating CBs to enhance porosity and reduce density, while assessing the impact on mechanical strength. An experimental laboratory method was employed, creating several concrete mixes with varying percentages of treated CBs (e.g., 0%, 5%, 10%) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. The resulting specimens were tested for key physical and mechanical properties, including density, porosity, water permeability, and compressive strength. The results indicate a clear correlation: as the percentage of CBs increases, the concrete's density progressively decreases, confirming its lightweight characteristics. Furthermore, porosity and permeability significantly increase, achieving the desired porous structure. This, however, is accompanied by a reduction in compressive strength. This study concludes that CB waste is a viable material for producing non-structural porous lightweight concrete, suitable for applications like drainage blocks or acoustic panels, offering a sustainable solution for managing cigarette butt pollution.
The Effect of Long Plastic Fiber Variations on Strong Concrete Pressure
This research investigates the effect of long plastic fiber variations on the compressive strength of concrete. While plastic fibers are often incorporated into concrete to enhance its tensile strength, ductility, and post-crack behavior, their impact on compressive strength is a critical design consideration. This study focuses specifically on how the length of these fibers influences the concrete's primary mechanical properties. An experimental laboratory methodology was employed. Several concrete mix designs were prepared: a plain concrete control mix (0% fiber) and multiple fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) mixes. These FRC mixes utilized a constant dosage of recycled plastic fibers, but with varying lengths (e.g., 40 mm, 60 mm, and 80 mm). Standardized cube specimens were cast for each variation and cured for 28 days before being tested for compressive strength. The results indicate that the addition of plastic fibers tends to cause a slight reduction in compressive strength compared to the plain concrete control. This reduction was observed to be more significant as the fiber length increased, which is attributed to the fibers' tendency to create voids and interfere with compaction and uniform dispersion. This study concludes that while long plastic fibers are beneficial for other properties, their length must be optimized to minimize the trade-off in compressive strength.
Mechanical PropertiesConcrete, Recycled Plastic, Workability, Fiber Variations
The Effect of Water is Acidic and Basic in a Concrete Mixture
The quality of mixing water is a critical parameter that directly influences the hydration of cement and the resulting mechanical properties and durability of concrete. While standards typically specify the use of potable, neutral-pH water, this is not always available. This research investigates the effect of using acidic and basic (alkaline) water in a concrete mixture. An experimental laboratory methodology was employed. Concrete batches were prepared using a control mix with neutral pH water (pH ~7.0), alongside identical mixes prepared with acidic water (e.g., pH 4.0) and basic water (e.g., pH 10.0). The primary performance indicators evaluated were setting time (initial and final) and compressive strength (tested at 7, 14, and 28 days). The results indicate a significant deviation from the control group. The acidic water mix demonstrated a notable retardation in setting time and a substantial reduction in 28-day compressive strength. Conversely, the basic water mix showed an acceleration of the setting time but a less significant impact on the final compressive strength. This study concludes that the pH of the mixing water is a crucial factor, with acidic water being particularly detrimental to both the hydration process and the ultimate strength of the concrete.
Modern landfills are highly engineered waste containment facilities designed to isolate municipal solid waste from the surrounding environment, particularly groundwater. This paper details the essential components of a sanitary landfill structure. The design is a multi-layered system, starting with a base liner system, which is the primary barrier for contaminant migration. This typically consists of a composite liner, integrating a geomembrane (e.g., HDPE) with a low-permeability compacted clay layer or a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). Directly above this is the leachate collection system, a network of perforated pipes within a high-permeability drainage layer designed to collect contaminated water (leachate) and remove it for treatment. The main body of the landfill comprises the compacted waste mass, which is placed in daily "cells." A landfill gas management system, often consisting of vertical wells or horizontal collectors, is integrated within the waste to capture methane and other gases produced during decomposition. Finally, upon closure, the landfill is sealed with a final cover system. This cap is also a multi-layered structure, designed to prevent water infiltration, secure the waste, and promote surface vegetation. The integrity of this complete structure is essential for ensuring long-term environmental protection.
The Effect of Construction Management Towards Development Projects of Rs. Bhayangkara Sartika Asih Bandung
The development and expansion of specialized facilities, such as the RS. Bhayangkara Sartika Asih Bandung hospital, are inherently complex projects requiring stringent controls to meet specific technical, operational, and regulatory standards. This research investigates the effect of Construction Management (CM) practices on the overall success of this development project. The study employs a descriptive-evaluative case study methodology, analyzing the application of key CM functions—specifically time management, cost control, quality assurance, and health/safety (K3) management—throughout the project lifecycle. Data was sourced from project documentation, progress reports, and stakeholder interviews to compare planned objectives against actual outcomes. The results demonstrate a direct positive correlation between the rigorous application of CM principles and project performance. Effective schedule control and proactive risk management were identified as critical factors in minimizing delays, while stringent quality assurance was essential in meeting the hospital's specific operational standards. This study concludes that the implementation of a systematic and professional construction management framework was a decisive factor in achieving the project's objectives—completing it on-time, within budget, and to the required quality—at RS. Bhayangkara Sartika Asih.
Evaluation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management System Implementation in Construction Projects: A Bandung City Case Study
The construction sector is characterized by a high risk of work-related accidents, making the effective implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management System a necessity. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the OSH Management System (SMK3) in construction projects within Bandung City. The methodology employs a descriptive-evaluative case study approach. Data was collected through field observations, questionnaire distribution to workers, and in-depth interviews with project stakeholders (management, supervisors, and OSH officers). The evaluation focuses on the comparison between documented OSH policies (based on regulatory standards such as PP No. 50 Tahun 2012) and their practical application on-site. The study also identifies the primary supporting and inhibiting factors affecting implementation. The results indicate that while most projects administratively comply with OSH requirements, the operational implementation—particularly in procedural adherence and consistent use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)—is still variable and has not reached an optimal level. Key inhibiting factors identified include a lack of consistent supervision and insufficient safety awareness among workers. This study concludes that a significant gap still exists between OSH planning and practice, highlighting the need for stronger management commitment and improved safety culture to ensure the system's effectiveness.
Management of Textile Industry Wastewater in the Cikijing River for Paddy Field Irrigation in Jelegong Village, Rancaekek Sub-district, Bandung Regency
The Cikijing River in Rancaekek, Bandung, is severely polluted by the discharge of untreated textile industry wastewater, characterized by high concentrations of pollutants such as dyes, chemicals, and heavy metals. Critically, this contaminated river water is used directly by the community in Jelegong Village for paddy field irrigation. This research aims to (1) analyze the water quality of the Cikijing River and its impact on the paddy field soil, and (2) formulate an effective wastewater management model to ensure the water is safe for irrigation purposes. The research methodology involved water sampling from multiple points along the Cikijing River and soil sampling from the paddy fields in Jelegong Village. These samples were analyzed in a laboratory to measure key parameters including BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and heavy metal concentrations (e.g., Pb, Cr, Cu). The results indicate that the water quality of the Cikijing River consistently fails to meet the established standards for irrigation water, and an accumulation of heavy metals was detected in the paddy soil. As a solution, this study recommends an integrated management scheme involving the enforcement of industrial wastewater pre-treatment, the implementation of communal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), and periodic monitoring to ensure agricultural sustainability in Jelegong Village.
Water Resource Development using Hotel Wastewater Treatment Plant
The hospitality industry is a major consumer of potable water, placing significant strain on urban resources while generating large volumes of wastewater. This research investigates water resource development through the implementation of an on-site Hotel Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a decentralized treatment system in reclaiming hotel effluent (comprising both greywater and blackwater) for beneficial reuse. The methodology involves characterizing the wastewater influent and assessing the treatment plant's performance based on its removal efficiencies for key parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, and nutrients. The quality of the treated effluent is then compared against established standards for non-potable reuse. The findings indicate that the WWTP can consistently produce high-quality reclaimed water, suitable for applications including landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, and cooling tower makeup. This study confirms that treating hotel wastewater on-site is a viable and sustainable strategy, effectively creating a new local water resource, reducing operational costs, and minimizing the hotel's environmental footprint.
Utilization of Water Hyacinth Fibers as a Substitute for Fine Aggregate and Concrete Waste as a Substitute for Coarse Aggregate to Improve the Quality of Concrete
This research addresses two major environmental challenges: the proliferation of invasive water hyacinth and the accumulation of concrete waste from demolition. This study investigates the utilization of water hyacinth fibers (WHF) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) as a substitute for coarse aggregate. The objective is to evaluate how this combined waste utilization affects the mechanical properties and improves specific qualities of the resulting concrete. An experimental laboratory method was employed, involving the design of multiple mix proportions with varying percentages of both WHF and RCA. The performance of the specimens was systematically evaluated through standardized tests, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results reveal a clear trade-off: the inclusion of WHF and RCA tends to reduce the concrete's compressive strength and density. However, the fibrous nature of the water hyacinth significantly improves the concrete's flexural strength and post-crack resistance. This study identifies an optimal mix proportion that balances structural integrity with maximum waste utilization, concluding that this composite material is a viable, sustainable alternative for specific applications where tensile performance is prioritized over high compressive strength.
Asphalt Heat with Additive Plastic Waste Type Low Density Polithylene (LDPE) as a Mixture on AC-WC Layer in the Road of Pasteur Road, Bandung City
The accumulation of non-biodegradable Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge. Concurrently, enhancing the durability of road pavements, particularly the Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) layer on high-traffic roads like Pasteur Road in Bandung, is a continuous engineering goal. This research investigates the feasibility and effect of using shredded LDPE plastic waste as an additive in AC-WC hot mix asphalt. This study employed an experimental laboratory methodology. Several asphalt mixture variations were produced, incorporating different percentages of LDPE (e.g., 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) by weight of bitumen, using the dry mix process. The performance of each mixture was systematically evaluated using standard Marshall tests. Key parameters analyzed include Marshall Stability, Flow, Marshall Quotient (MQ), Voids in Mix (VIM), Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB). The results indicate that the addition of LDPE up to an optimal percentage significantly increases Marshall Stability and the Marshall Quotient (stiffness), suggesting enhanced resistance to permanent deformation (rutting). The optimal mix, while utilizing waste material, successfully meets the technical specifications for an AC-WC layer. This study concludes that LDPE plastic waste can be a viable additive for polymer-modified asphalt, offering a sustainable solution that both diverts plastic from landfills and improves pavement performance.
Performance Analysis and Value of Benefits in Implementing Changes in Traffic Flow Systems (Case Study: Jalan Setiabudhi, Jalan Cipaganti, and Jalan Sukajadi in Bandung City)
The arterial road network comprising Jalan Setiabudhi, Jalan Cipaganti, and Jalan Sukajadi is a critical north-south corridor in Bandung City, which historically suffered from severe traffic congestion and low Level of Service (LOS). To mitigate these issues, a significant traffic flow system change, primarily establishing a one-way loop, was implemented. This research presents a comprehensive evaluation of this policy by conducting a performance analysis and quantifying the value of benefits derived from its implementation. The methodology employs a comparative before-and-after study. Key traffic performance indicators—including travel time, delay, V/C ratio, and Level of Service (LOS)—were analyzed for the network before and after the system change. Subsequently, the "value of benefits" was calculated by monetizing the savings in Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC) and travel time costs for road users. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in network performance, marked by a substantial reduction in average travel time and intersection delays. This enhancement in traffic flow translates into considerable economic benefits. This evaluation confirms that the one-way system was an effective traffic management strategy, yielding positive and quantifiable value for the public.
Flood Management as a Business Reducing Citarum River Flood, Dayeuhkolot, Bandung Regency
The Dayeuhkolot region in Bandung Regency is chronically affected by severe flooding from the Citarum River, leading to significant economic losses, infrastructure damage, and social disruption. Conventional, government-funded flood management approaches have faced persistent challenges in achieving long-term sustainability and effectiveness. This research proposes and evaluates a novel paradigm: "Flood Management as a Business". The study's objective is to explore the viability of market-driven, private-sector, or social enterprise models in contributing to flood reduction and resilience in the Dayeuhkolot area. Using a qualitative approach, including stakeholder analysis and business model conceptualization, this paper identifies potential ventures where flood mitigation activities can be structured as sustainable business opportunities. Key areas explored include commercial waste management services to reduce river siltation, private enterprises for installing modular flood defenses, and fee-based early warning and response services. The analysis suggests that fostering a business ecosystem around flood resilience can unlock private capital, drive innovation, and create local economic co-benefits, thereby complementing public efforts. This study concludes that a business-oriented framework offers a pragmatic and scalable supplementary strategy for reducing the perennial flood risk of the Citarum River.
Urbanization leads to increased impervious surfaces, which in turn accelerates stormwater runoff, increases peak flows, and exacerbates flood risk in downstream areas. Retention ponds are a critical component of modern urban drainage systems designed to mitigate these impacts. The Sirnaraga Retention Pond was constructed as a strategic flood control measure to manage stormwater in its catchment area. This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of the pond's operational performance and effectiveness. The methodology involves a hydrological and hydraulic analysis, comparing the pond's "as-built" design capacity against its current operational performance. This is achieved by simulating design storm scenarios and analyzing inflow/outflow hydrographs to quantify the pond's success in peak flow attenuation and delaying time to peak. Furthermore, the study includes a physical assessment of the pond's condition, specifically evaluating the rate of sedimentation and its impact on available storage volume. The results of the evaluation indicate the pond's current level of service and its effectiveness in reducing inundation in the downstream area. This study concludes with recommendations for routine maintenance and operational adjustments to ensure the pond's long-term sustainability and optimal performance as a flood control structure.
Planning of Concrete Paving Block K-400 with Plastic Additivies
The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic waste presents a significant environmental challenge. This research explores the innovative use of these materials as plastic additives in the production of Concrete Paving Blocks. The primary objective is the planning (mix design) of a paving block that meets the K-400 compressive strength standard (equivalent to approximately 33.2 MPa). This study utilizes an experimental laboratory method. Several concrete mix designs were formulated, incorporating varying percentages of processed waste plastic (e.g., shredded PET or LDPE) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. The key parameters evaluated for each mix variation were compressive strength (tested at 28 days), water absorption, and density. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to incorporate plastic additives up to a certain threshold percentage while still achieving the target K-400 strength. The analysis identifies an optimal mix proportion that balances structural integrity with the environmental benefit of waste utilization. This study concludes that plastic additives can be a viable component in paving block production, offering a sustainable solution for plastic waste management and creating value-added construction materials.
Installation of Geotextile Material to Prevent Mud Pumping on The Railroad Tracks
Mud pumping is a critical geotechnical problem in railroad trackbeds, leading to significant ballast contamination, loss of drainage capacity, and a progressive reduction in track stability and safety. This phenomenon occurs when dynamic train loads, in the presence of water, eject fine-grained subgrade particles upward into the ballast layer. This study investigates the application and installation methodology of geotextile materials as an effective preventative and remedial measure against mud pumping. The geotextile is strategically placed at the interface between the subgrade and the ballast layer to perform two primary, critical functions: separation and filtration. As a separator, it physically prevents the mixing of the fine subgrade soil and the coarse ballast aggregate. As a filter, it allows pore water to pass freely from the subgrade while retaining the soil particles, thus preventing the formation of slurry. This paper analyzes the technical requirements for geotextile selection and details the installation procedures for both new track construction and existing track rehabilitation. The findings confirm that the proper installation of a suitable geotextile effectively mitigates mud pumping, thereby preserving the ballast's structural integrity and drainage function. This application leads to enhanced track modulus, a significant extension of the track's service life, and a substantial reduction in long-term maintenance cycles and operational costs.
Evaluation of Fly Over Work Project Intersection of Laswi Road and Pelajar Pejuang Road and Gatot Subroto Road Bandung
The at-grade intersection of Laswi Road, Pelajar Pejuang Road, and Gatot Subroto Road in Bandung has historically been a major point of traffic congestion, characterized by severe delays and a low Level of Service (LOS), especially during peak hours. The construction of a flyover at this location was implemented as a strategic infrastructure project to mitigate this gridlock and improve regional connectivity. This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of the flyover project's effectiveness in enhancing traffic performance. The methodology employs a comparative before-and-after study. Key traffic parameters—including vehicle volume, queue length, travel time, and intersection delay—were collected from field surveys conducted prior to the flyover's construction and after it became fully operational. These data were analyzed to quantify the change in the intersection's operational performance. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in traffic flow; the flyover effectively segregates through-traffic, leading to a substantial reduction in average vehicle delay and a marked improvement in the overall Level of Service for the intersection. This study concludes that the flyover project has successfully achieved its primary objective of alleviating congestion at this critical urban artery.
Helix Type Steel Structure Bridge Design the Path Between Notog-Kebasen Bh.1458
The railway path between Notog and Kebasen, specifically at bridge identifier Bh.1458, presents significant topographical and complex geometric challenges, requiring a specialized structural solution that deviates from conventional bridge design. This study focuses on the design and structural analysis of a Helix Type Steel Structure for this railway bridge, proposed as an innovative solution to accommodate the difficult alignment and site constraints. The design methodology employs a 3D structural model analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis is conducted based on Indonesian railway bridge loading standards (PM JKA), encompassing dead loads, live loads (R-series), braking and traction forces, as well as seismic and wind loads according to the latest SNI codes. The design evaluates the performance of the helical steel truss system, focusing on its capacity to manage the complex torsional and bending stresses induced by the curved geometry and dynamic railway loading. The analysis verifies that all primary and secondary structural members, as well as critical connections, satisfy the code requirements for strength and serviceability, including stress, deflection, and stability limits. This paper concludes that the Helix Type Steel Structure is a feasible, safe, and efficient engineering solution for the Bh.1458 bridge, effectively resolving the site's unique geometric demands while ensuring full structural integrity.
Analysis of Vehicle Parking Characteristic at Husein Sastranegara Airport in Bandung
As a primary gateway to Bandung, Husein Sastranegara Airport experiences significant traffic, leading to high demand for parking facilities. Effective parking management is crucial for ensuring smooth traffic flow, operational efficiency, and passenger satisfaction. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the vehicle parking characteristics at the airport to evaluate the relationship between existing supply and demand and to identify key operational parameters. The study was conducted through field surveys at the airport's main parking areas. Data collection involved systematic recording of vehicle inflow, outflow, and parking duration surveys, captured during both peak and off-peak periods on weekdays and weekends. Key characteristics analyzed include parking volume, parking accumulation, average parking duration, parking index (occupancy), and parking turnover rate. The analysis reveals that peak parking accumulation correlates directly with peak flight schedules, frequently resulting in a high parking index that indicates significant pressure on the existing capacity. The data also clearly distinguishes between short-term (pick-up/drop-off) and long-term (traveler) parking patterns. The findings of this study highlight a pressing need for demand management strategies and potential expansion of parking facilities, providing a quantitative basis for airport management to optimize operations and plan for future growth.
Airport ParkingHusein Sastranegara Airport, Parking Occupancy, Traffic Engineering